The Age of the Grand Duchy in Tuscany

The most important architecture to come out of this period is the Parish Church of San Leopoldo and the cast iron foundry in Follonica (already a steel hub for the grand duchy), where Carlo Reishammer first experimented with the use of cast iron and iron in architecture and ornamentation.

In terms of sculpture, the most important monument to mention is the monument to Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo in the centre of Piazza Martiri in Pisa by Luigi Pampaloni, while the bas reliefs are by Emilio Santarelli and Temistocle Guerrazzi.

The statue of Leopoldo II by Emilio Santarelli dominates Livorno’s Piazza della Repubblica, while the statue of Ferdinando III is by Francesco Pozzi. Of all the sculptors of this period, Lorenzo Bartolini stands out for his use of more naturalistic and romantic elements, whereas the Siena-born artist Giovanni Dupré distinguished himself in his creation of monuments and paintings inspired by classicism and realism.

The period between the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century saw a style of painting emerge, which came from outside the region. The most noteworthy of the Romantic painters were Giuseppe Bezzuoli and Stefano Ussi.